POSSIBILITIES OF USE OF SYNSEED IN NEW PLANTS

Abstract

Seed is a matured ovule with embryo, endosperm nutritious tissue and protective testa-tegmen coat. Once seed is a precious resource for rehabilitation of nature for crop production in agricultural, horticultural, forest crop etc. But nowadays various issues are arising; some of it for a long period; its long-lasting effect providing worst result in present time, in near future too. Among all issues ‘Climate Change or Climate Alteration’is very big issue which was the biggest reason for less production in many crops for last two decade. Even NASA study finds drastic decreases in Corn yields in several continents by 2030.(Global Climate Change NEWS, 2021). One another study revealed that Maize, Soybean, Wheat, Rice which give us two-third caloric contribution of our body are gradually reduced by 7.4%, 3.1%, 6%, 3.2% respectively (Zhao et al., 2017). This kind of shocking result will give fearsome consequence in upcoming three-four decade or by 2060. Seeds of crops are cannot survive in the changing environment after sowing in field. If crops survived also they are providing very less yield. In case of some crop production decreases with line sowing with this warm environ; even a farmer apply broadcasting method (eg-Rice) then too reduced crop growth (low tillering as well as lower than average height) results into low yield due to huge competition for inputs and changing climate change. That’s the transition time to shift the technique as climate smart farming through synseed. A new innovation came in seed world is Synthetic seed or shortly Synseed. Synseed is encapsulated seed of plant tissue (embryonic and non-embryonic) like somatic embryos, shoot buds, root tissue etc. Synseed is effective in many cases. In many crops natural seed storage is a big problem due to proper technical facility, but synseed can replace this issue where synseed do not need any storage facility of proper temperature, relative humidity, moisture percentage (%). No chance of seed dormancy which is opposite to natural seed but this is also manage by synseed. Genetic variation is another issue that is very difficult to maintain in case of natural seed but synseed replace this disadvantage too. Another thing is chances of seed borne pathogen and disease is also minimized in case of synseed. If pathogen not acts as internal or external seed borne pathogen then chances of seed borne infect is also minimized as well as huge intake of pesticides also minimized by farmers. Synseed is evolved in less crop species till now. Possibilities of synseed in novel crops are very high. In new forest crops like Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia), Goldenseal (Hydrastis cnadensis) having high chances of possibility.